Dalio's Year-End Review: Currency, US Stocks, and Global Wealth Redistribution

By: blockbeats|2026/01/07 11:30:01
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Original Title: 2025
Original Author: Ray Dalio, Founder of Bridgewater Associates
Original Translation: Bitpush News

As a systemic global macro investor, as we bid farewell to 2025, I naturally reflect on the intrinsic workings of the events that have transpired, particularly in terms of market performance. That is the subject of today's reflection.

While the facts and returns are undeniable, my perspective on the issue is different from most.

Despite the fact that the US stock market, particularly US AI stocks, is widely considered the best investment of 2025 and the core story of the year, the irrefutable fact is that the most substantial returns (and the real headline story) came from:

(1) Currency value movements (most notably the US Dollar, other fiat currencies, and gold)

(2) US stocks significantly underperforming non-US stock markets and gold (gold being the best-performing major market).

This was primarily driven by fiscal and monetary stimulus, productivity improvements, and a large-scale shift in asset allocation away from the US markets.

In these reflections, I take a step back to examine how last year's currency/debt/market/economic dynamics operated and briefly touch on the other four major drivers—politics, geopolitics, natural behavior, and technology—and how they are impacting the global macro picture within the evolving "Big Cycle" backdrop.

1. Currency Value Movements

Regarding Currency Value: The US Dollar fell 0.3% against the Japanese Yen, 4% against the Chinese Yuan, 12% against the Euro, 13% against the Swiss Franc, and plummeted 39% against gold (gold being the second-largest reserve currency and the only major non-credit currency).

As a result, all fiat currencies depreciated. The biggest story and market swings of the year came from the weakest fiat currencies experiencing the largest declines, while the strongest/hardest currencies experienced the biggest gains. The most outstanding major investment of the year was, therefore, being long in gold (with a USD return of 65%), outperforming the S&P 500 Index (with a USD return of 18%) by as much as 47 percentage points. In other words, measured in gold currency terms, the S&P index actually experienced a 28% decline.

Let us remember some key principles relevant to the current state:

When a domestic currency depreciates, it makes things priced in that currency appear to rise. In other words, viewing investment returns through the lens of a weak currency can make them seem stronger than they actually are. In this scenario, the S&P Index had an 18% return for a USD investor, a 17% return for a JPY investor, a 13% return for a CNY investor, but only a 4% return for a EUR investor, and a 3% return for a CHF investor. Meanwhile, for a gold-standard investor, the return was -28%.

Currency movements are crucial for wealth transfer and economic trends. When a currency depreciates, it erodes an individual's wealth and purchasing power, making their goods and services cheaper in other currencies but more expensive in their own. This process affects inflation rates and trade relationships, although with a lag.

Whether you have engaged in Currency Hedging is critical. If you have not and do not want to express a view on currency, what should you do? You should always hedge to your least risky currency mix and tactically adjust from there when you believe you can do well. I'll explain later how I do this.

About bonds (i.e., debt assets): Because bonds are a promise to deliver currency, when the currency's value drops, the real value of the bond decreases even if the nominal price rises. Last year, the 10-year US bond had a USD-denominated return of 9% (roughly half from yield and half from price), a JPY-denominated return of 9%, a CNY-denominated return of 5%, but EUR and CHF-denominated returns were both -4%, and the gold-denominated return was -34%—with cash being an even worse investment.

You can understand why foreign investors do not like USD bonds and cash (unless hedged).

Thus far, the bond supply-demand imbalance is not a severe issue, but there will be a large amount of debt (nearly $10 trillion) needing to be rolled over in the future. Meanwhile, the Fed seems inclined to cut rates to depress real rates. Therefore, debt assets lack allure, especially on the long end of the curve, and a steeper yield curve seems inevitable, though I doubt the extent of Fed accommodation is as much as priced in currently.

2. US Stocks Significantly Underperform Non-US Stocks and Gold

As previously mentioned, while US stocks perform strongly when priced in USD, they lag significantly in a strong currency and notably trail stocks in other countries. Evidently, investors prefer holding non-US stocks, bonds, and assets over US ones.

Specifically, European stocks outperformed US stocks by 23%, Chinese stocks by 21%, UK stocks by 19%, and Japanese stocks by 10%. Emerging market stocks performed even better, with a return of 34%, Emerging Market USD bonds returning 14%, and Emerging Market Local Currency Bonds (USD terms) providing an overall return of 18%. In other words, wealth is undergoing a significant shift and value transfer from the US outward, which could lead to more rebalancing and diversified allocations.

Regarding last year's US stocks, the strong results were attributed to earnings growth and Price/Earnings (P/E) expansion.

Specifically, earnings grew by 12% in USD terms, P/E expanded by around 5%, plus about 1% dividend yield, leading to a total S&P return of around 18%. The "Tech Seven Giants," representing about one-third of the market cap, saw earnings growth of 22% in 2025, while the remaining 493 stocks also achieved an earnings growth of 9%.

Within earnings growth, 57% was attributed to revenue growth (increasing by 7%) and 43% to margin improvement (growing by 5.3%). Much of the margin improvement may be due to technological efficiency, but this is still inconclusive due to data limitations.

Nevertheless, earnings improvement is primarily due to the "economic pie" getting bigger, with capitalists reaping most of the benefits, and workers sharing relatively less. Monitoring profit margins in the future is crucial, as the market currently expects this growth to continue, while left-wing political forces are attempting to reclaim a greater share.

3. Valuation and Future Expectations

Although the past is known and the future is uncertain, understanding causality can help us anticipate the future. Currently, with high P/E ratios and extremely low credit spreads, valuations appear stretched. History has shown that this portends lower future stock market returns. Based on current yield levels and productivity, my long-term stock return expectation is only 4.7% (at a historically low percentile), which is very low compared to a 4.9% bond yield, resulting in an extremely low stock risk premium.

This implies that there isn't much more return to squeeze out from risk premiums, credit spreads, and liquidity premiums. If currency devaluation leads to increased supply-demand pressures and subsequently rising rates, this will have significant negative effects on credit and equity markets.

The two major uncertainties are the Fed's policy and productivity growth. The new Fed Chair and committee seem inclined to keep nominal and real rates low, which will support prices and inflate bubbles. Productivity is expected to rise in 2026, but it's uncertain how much of this will translate into profits rather than being used for taxation or wage expenses (a classic left-right issue).

In 2025, the Fed's rate cuts and loose credit reduced the discount rate, supporting assets such as stocks and gold. These markets are no longer cheap. It is worth noting that these reflation measures did not benefit illiquid markets such as Venture Capital (VC), Private Equity (PE), and real estate. If the debt of these entities is forced to finance at higher rates, liquidity pressure will cause a significant drop in these assets relative to liquid assets.

4. Political Order Revolution

In 2025, politics played a core role in driving the markets:

Trump Administration Domestic Policy: A leveraged bet on capitalism revitalizing American manufacturing and AI technology.

Foreign Policy: Scared off some foreign investors, concerns about sanctions and conflicts supported investment diversification and gold purchases.

Wealth Disparity: The top 10% of capitalists own more stocks and experience faster income growth; they do not see inflation as an issue, while the bottom 60% of the population feels overwhelmed by it.

The "Currency Value/Purchasing Power Issue" will be the top political agenda next year, which could lead to the Republican Party losing the House and trigger turmoil in 2027. On January 1, Zohran Mamdani, Bernie Sanders, and AOC converged under the banner of "Democratic Socialism," heralding a battle over wealth and money.

5. Global Order and Technology

In 2025, the global order shifted clearly from multilateralism to unilateralism (power supremacy). This led to increased military spending, expanded debt, intensified protectionism, and deglobalization. Gold demand strengthened, while demand for U.S. debt and dollar assets decreased.

On the technology front, the AI wave is currently in the early stages of a bubble. I will soon be releasing my Bubble Indicator Report.

Summary

In conclusion, I believe that: Debt/Money/Market/Economic Power, Domestic Political Power, Geopolitical Power (Military Spending), Natural Power (Climate), and New Technology Power (AI) will continue to be the primary drivers reshaping the global landscape. These forces will broadly follow the "Long Wave" template outlined in my book.

Regarding portfolio positioning, I do not want to be your investment advisor, but I do want to help you invest better. The most important thing is to have the ability to make independent decisions. You can infer my position direction from my logic. If you want to learn how to do better, I recommend taking the "Dalio Market Principles" course offered by the Wealth Management Institute (WMI) in Singapore.

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Is XRP a Good Investment in 2026? Why Is It Stuck at $1.45

XRP is up 6.7% this week, but exchange reserves remain high. Is a volatility spike imminent? We analyze price trend, ETF inflows, whale activity, and regulatory catalysts to answer: will XRP go up, why is XRP dropping, and is XRP a good investment right now?

TL; DR

What is XRP: XRP is a digital asset built for fast, low-cost international payments. It runs on the XRP Ledger and is used by Ripple for its On-Demand Liquidity (ODL) service. Unlike Bitcoin, XRP settles transactions in 3-5 seconds with near-zero fees.Why is XRP Dropping: XRP is not actively dropping, but it is struggling to rise. On the monthly chart, XRP has seen six consecutive months of decline. Currently, the price faces an additional supply wall at $1.45. About 1.24 billion XRP were bought in that range, and those holders sell when the price approaches, creating selling pressure that prevents a recovery.Will XRP Go Up: Potentially yes. XRP is trading near $1.43 and showing its best weekly performance since September 2025. If the price breaks above the $1.45 resistance, analysts expect a move toward $1.90, supported by strong institutional demand.Is XRP a Good Investment: The answer is not simple. Short-term traders may see opportunity in the coming volatility spike. Long-term investors face a bigger question that depends on one key regulatory event. However, the data reveals a surprising signal that most retail buyers are missing right now. To understand whether XRP is a smart buy or a trap at $1.43, you will need to read the full analysis below.What is XRP? A Digital Asset for Global Settlement

Before analyzing the charts, it is crucial to understand the asset in question. What is XRP? Unlike Bitcoin, which was designed as a decentralized digital gold, XRP operates on the XRP Ledger (XRPL). It was created to facilitate fast, low-cost international payments. Traditional bank transfers take days and incur high fees. XRP transactions settle in 3-5 seconds, costing fractions of a penny.

Ripple, the company associated with XRP, uses this asset for its "On-Demand Liquidity" (ODL) service. Banks and financial institutions use ODL to source liquidity during cross-border transactions without pre-funding accounts. This utility is the primary driver for institutional interest. Recently, the network hit a milestone of over 8 million active wallets, signaling growing usage despite recent price stagnation . Furthermore, Ripple is proactively preparing for the future, releasing a four-stage roadmap to make the XRPL "quantum-resistant," aiming to secure the ledger against future quantum computing threats by 2028 .

XRP Price Analysis: The Battle for $1.45

The XRP price trend over the last month tells a story of exhaustion followed by cautious recovery. On the monthly chart, XRP experienced six consecutive months of decline. However, April shows signs of a bottoming process. Weekly charts reinforce this view: after four weeks of lower closes, the last two weeks have seen small rebounds.

According to data from April 22, 2026, XRP is trading at approximately $1.44. Over the last seven days, XRP has outperformed both Bitcoin and Ethereum, rising 6.7% while the broader market rose only 3.2%. Spot trading volume surged 23% to $3.79 billion, and derivative markets saw $40 billion in futures volume on a single day.

Despite this, the price remains 60% below its July 2025 high of $3.65. The current technical picture shows a "low volatility grind" higher. The 20-day EMA is at $1.3924, and the 50-day EMA is at $1.4119, both acting as support . However, the immediate hurdle is the $1.45 resistance level. This price point has rejected every rally attempt in 2026.

Why is XRP Dropping? And Will XRP Go Up?

The primary reason for the recent "drop" (or lack of upward momentum) is not active selling, but rather the "supply wall." Data indicates that roughly 1.24 billion XRP tokens were purchased by investors in the $1.45 to $1.47 range. These investors have been waiting months to "break even." Every time the price approaches $1.45, these holders sell to exit their positions, creating a massive wall that retail buying cannot easily absorb.

However, the underlying momentum is shifting. Analysts suggest a xrp volatility spike imminent because the absorption capacity of buyers is increasing. Historically, when exchange reserves are high but the price refuses to drop significantly, it signals that buyers are absorbing the supply. The price has held above $1.39 despite the overhang, which is a sign of relative strength.

So, will XRP go up? Yes, potentially. But it needs a catalyst, if the price closes a daily candle above $1.45. If that happens, the next targets are $1.60 to $1.65, and eventually $1.90 .

XRP Exchange Netflow and XRP ETF Netflow: A Tale of Two Markets

The current market dynamic is best understood by looking at two opposing data streams: XRP Exchange netflow and XRP ETF flows.

Exchange Dynamics (Retail / Whales):

Data shows a complex pattern of "large inflows and increasing reserves." Recently, a Ripple-associated wallet moved 75 million XRP (approx. $108 million) to Coinbase. This initially looks like a dump, but context matters. These transfers are likely to provide liquidity for Ripple’s ODL business, not necessarily spot market selling. However, the result is that exchange reserves have climbed to 2.76 billion XRP .

The Good News: While reserves are high, the rate of increase is slowing. Specifically, "whale" transfers to exchanges have dropped 98% from their April 11 peak. The Binance reserve has slightly decreased from 27.7 to 27.6 billion. The aggressive selling from large holders appears to have stopped.

Institutional Dynamics (ETF):

While whales were sending coins to exchanges, institutions were buying XRP ETF products. XRP ETF net flow is strongly positive.

US-listed XRP ETFs recorded four consecutive days of inflows totaling $38.86 million recently .The weekly inflow for mid-April hit $119.6 million, a multi-month high .Cumulative net inflows stand at $12.8 billion, with Assets Under Management (AUM) at roughly $10.8 billion.Analyzing the Divergence: Why Both Flows Are Positive

It seems contradictory that exchange reserves are high (suggesting selling) while ETFs are buying (suggesting buying). However, this phenomenon reveals the current market structure.

Different Investor Profiles: The exchange inflows likely come from short-term traders, market makers, or Ripple itself providing ODL liquidity. These are "hot" coins ready to be sold. The ETF inflows represent "sticky" capital. Institutions buying ETFs are typically long-term holders (LTHs) or asset managers who do not day-trade. They are removing liquidity from the spot market by buying through custodians.The "De-risking" Trade: Sophisticated funds might be engaging in basis trading. They buy the ETF (taking a long position) while simultaneously shorting XRP futures or selling spot inventory to capture the funding rate. This keeps the price stable while volume increases.Absorption: The most likely scenario is that the market is simply absorbing the excess supply. The fact that the price is stable ($1.43) and not collapsing to $1.20 despite 2.76 billion coins sitting on exchanges is a massive win for the bulls. The ETF inflows are acting as a sponge, soaking up the selling pressure from the ODL wallets.The Regulatory Catalyst: The SEC and the CLARITY Act

Fundamentally, the recent price action cannot be separated from regulation. For years, the primary answer was the SEC lawsuit. That narrative is dying.

Ripple CEO Brad Garlinghouse recently praised SEC Chair Paul Atkins as "a breath of fresh air and sanity" . This regulatory thaw is critical. The SEC is reportedly considering dropping the long-standing lawsuit, and five XRP ETF applications are awaiting review.

The major catalyst on the horizon is the CLARITY Act. A Senate markup is expected before the end of April. Standard Chartered analysts project that if the bill advances, it could unlock $4 to $8 billion in institutional flows . Polymarket gives the bill a 60-66% chance of passing in 2026. If the CLARITY Act classifies XRP as a non-security (commodity), the institutional floodgates will open, likely overwhelming the $1.45 supply wall instantly.

Is XRP a Good Investment in 2026?

Given all this data, is XRP a good investment? The answer depends entirely on your risk tolerance and time horizon.

The Bull Case (Why it is a good investment): The risk/reward ratio is asymmetrical to the upside. The price is near multi-year lows relative to its utility. Whale selling has stopped, ETF demand is rising, and the network is expanding (8 million wallets, quantum resistance roadmap). If the CLARITY Act passes, XRP could realistically trade between $1.60 and $1.80 in the short term, with a potential run to $3.00+ if the lawsuit is officially dropped.The Risk Case (Why it is NOT a good investment): There is a clear resistance wall at $1.45. If the CLARITY Act fails or is delayed past May (due to midterm election dynamics), the "buy the rumor, sell the news" dynamic could reverse. If the price fails to break $1.45 and loses support at $1.33, a drop back to $1.15 is technically possible .

Verdict: XRP is a speculative buy for traders looking for a volatility spike. It is a hold for current investors. For new investors, it is only a good investment if you believe in regulatory clarity within the next 30 days. Technically, waiting for a confirmed break above $1.55 (to avoid the fakeout) is safer than buying at $1.43.

FAQ

Q: Will XRP go up if the CLARITY Act passes?

A: Yes, historically. Analysts predict that if the CLARITY Act passes, signaling that XRP is a commodity, it would remove the regulatory overhang. This could trigger a surge in institutional buying, pushing the price from the current $1.43 range to test the $1.80 - $2.00 resistance levels quickly.

Q: Why is XRP dropping when Bitcoin is going up?

A: XRP has specific supply dynamics. Unlike Bitcoin, which has a fixed supply issuance, XRP faces periodic sell-pressure from Ripple's treasury wallets used to fund ODL (liquidity) services. Additionally, the $1.45 "break-even" wall causes XRP to drop relative to BTC when short-term traders exit.

Q: Is a volatility spike imminent for XRP?

A: Yes. The Bollinger Bands on the daily chart are squeezing. The price is stuck between support at $1.33 and resistance at $1.45. Historically, when XRP volume surges 23% in a week (as it did on April 21), it precedes a violent move. The direction depends on whether the $1.45 resistance breaks.

Q: What is the XRP ETF netflow status?

A: As of late April 2026, XRP ETFs are seeing positive netflows. The US ETFs recorded a single week inflow of $119.6 million in mid-April. Cumulative inflows are strong at $12.8 billion, indicating that institutions are accumulating during this dip, which is a long-term bullish signal for price stabilization.

Q: Is XRP a good investment for beginners?

A: XRP is less volatile than "meme coins" but more volatile than Bitcoin. For beginners, it is a moderate-risk investment. Its value is tied to real utility (bank payments). However, beginners should wait to see if the price can close a weekly candle above $1.55 before entering, to avoid buying into the current resistance wall.

Disclaimer: None of the information in this article constitutes, or is intended to constitute, investment advice. Trading cryptocurrencies carries a high level of risk and may not be suitable for all investors. Always do your own research.

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